VOL 83, No. 3 (2010)

A review of studies on relaxation phenomena in glasses is presented. Their role in molding, heat treatment, and other technological processes is shown. The features of the surface layer from the standpoint of physical mesomechanics and general structural features of inorganic glasses are noted. A number of factors of operational reliability of glassware are considered. Il. 5, bibliography: 32 titles.

The conditions for obtaining highly transparent glasses are considered. Data on the effect of coloring impurities and additives on the optical and spectral properties of glasses are presented. The role of rare earth elements, the prospects for the use of new materials and technologies in the production of products from highly transparent glass are shown. Tab. 1, ill. 4, bibliography: 6 titles.

The compositions of low-melting glasses based on the sodium borosilicate system have been developed. The effect of the composition on the thermal properties of glasses has been studied. The possibility of using wastes from electrochemical industries instead of traditional raw materials is shown. A field test has shown good wettability to concrete and the suitability of colored glasses for their decoration. Tab. 2.

The influence of the culture fluid of Bacillus mucilaginosus on the rheological properties of clay suspensions was studied. It was found that the culture liquid plays the role of a surfactant, promotes the dilution of the clay suspension with a decrease in humidity and an increase in its sedimentation stability, which makes it possible to exclude the use of electrolytes without deteriorating the main technological parameters of the slip and the properties of the obtained semi-finished product. This provides an expansion of the interval of the liquefied state of slips, a decrease in viscosity, thickening coefficient and an increase in the rate of collection of a ceramic casting into gypsum molds. Tab. 1, ill. 2, bibliography: 5 titles.

The composition of the charge has been developed, which makes it possible to obtain on the basis of diatomite from the Inzenskoye deposit (Ulyanovsk region) a heat-insulating brick with good strength characteristics, 4 - 5 times higher than the previous indicators: compressive strength 5.5 - 6.5 MPa; bulk density 0.5 - 0.6 kg / cm ³; thermal conductivity at 25 ° C 0.09 W / (m * K); structural coefficient 0.95. Tab. 2, bibliography: 3 titles.

The properties of slips prepared from powder masses produced by the enterprise "Ceramic Masses of Donbass" are shown. The use of traditional slip thinners with additives from Zschimmer & Schwarz makes it possible to simplify the adjustment of slip properties without increasing the production cost. Tab. 3, bibliography: 2 titles.

The stages of the formation of the research and production complex, founded as the Gusev branch of GIS in 1960, are marked. The main directions of activity are shown, examples of the development of applied research and the introduction of their results into production are given. Il. 5.