The results of research in the field of synthesis of barium-zirconium lead-free sorted glasses, the optical performance of which are not inferior to those of lead-containing ones, are presented. Glasses are well boiled and clarified at a cooking temperature of 1450 ° C. Recommended glass compositions have a refractive index of 1.552 - 1.556, average dispersion (957 ... 961) ?; 10 -5 and contain 12 - 13% (BaO + ZrO 2 ). 2, ill. 4, bibliography: 2 titles.
The formation of the equilibrium Cu (I) & harr; Cu (II) in colored optical glasses under the combined action of several factors. It is shown that the oxidation of copper increases with an increase in its total mass content, an increase in the content of carbonates in the charge, an increase in the basicity coefficient of the matrix and mainly depends on the ratio between the oxides of chromium, arsenic and copper. A coefficient for the quantitative assessment of the combined effect of chromium and arsenic oxides on the equilibrium of copper is proposed. Tab. 2, ill. 4, bibliography: 6 titles.
The results of experimental studies on the production of low-melting glasses with a reduced lead oxide content for silicate paint fluxes based on two borate systems, which have not been studied before, are presented. The regularities of changes in the temperatures of the onset of softening, complete spreading, and LTEC have been established. The crystallization ability of glasses has been studied. Based on the studies performed, compositions with a mass content of 20 - 25% PbO (molar content 6 - 10%) are proposed, with a firing temperature of paints based on them 560 - 580 ° C.
Tab. 1, ill. 4, bibliography: 1 title.
The results of determining the solubility of copper-containing calcium-phosphate glasses depending on the ratio of CaO: P 2 O 5 , additives Al 2 O 3 < / sub>, the content of CuO. Glasses are characterized by a high level of solubility in an aqueous medium during boiling. The registered release of copper ions into an aqueous medium ranges from 60 to 125 ppm, which allows the synthesized glasses to be classified as biocidal. The ratio of modifier cations and glass former, which determines the structure of the phosphorus-oxygen skeleton of the glass, influences the glass solubility to the greatest extent; to a lesser extent, the introduction of Al 2 O 3 and the replacement of calcium oxide with copper oxide ... Tab. 2, ill. 5, bibliography: 11 titles.
The procedure for calculating and designing the melting tanks of glass-melting container glass furnaces is considered. It is shown that the use of the results of mathematical modeling of internal heat and mass transfer can significantly improve the quality of design solutions, the implementation of which creates objective preconditions for achieving high energy efficiency and productivity of glass furnaces. Tab. 3, ill. 6, bibliography: 4 titles.
Computer simulation of the structure of the short and medium order of silicate glass containing phosphorus oxide additives has been performed. Phosphorus atoms can be located in oxygen tetrahedra with different symmetries, as well as in pentahedra and trigonal bipyramids. Calculations of the P - O bond lengths and azimuthal angles in phosphate glass-forming polyhedra have been carried out, and a conclusion has been made about the most probable structural position of phosphorus. The disadvantages of creating purely ionic models are noted. Tab. 1, ill. 2, bibliography: 8 titles.
Studies in the kaolin - quartz - dolomite system made it possible to obtain alkali-free glasses, which are characterized by low TLEC and increased thermal stability, have a high softening point and chemical resistance to the action of water and alkaline solutions. The liquation structure of the synthesized glasses was established by means of electron microscopy. Tab. 1, ill. 6.
The possibility of partial or complete replacement of PbO in low-melting glass solders with less toxic components has been investigated. It was found that in systems PbO - P 2 O 5 - ZnO - B 2 O 3 , V 2 O 5 - P 2 O 5 - ZnO - B 2 O 3 and TeO 2 - PbO - V 2 O 5 - Bi 2 O 3 with various additives with a total mass content of components of the first hazard class no more than 70%, it is impossible to find a full replacement for glasses in lead-borate eutectic used as a glass base in glass-soldering compositions intended for sealing glass-ceramic cases of integrated circuits at a temperature of 390 - 420 ° C. Tab. 3, bibliography: 7 titles.
Calculations of direct solar transmission were carried out according to various standards for several types of glasses and an estimate was made of the degree of discrepancy between the obtained data depending on the optical properties of the glasses. Tab. 1, ill. 2, bibliography: 2 titles.
The possibility of obtaining glass granulate as an intermediate product for glass-ceramic foam materials based on widespread silica components (marshallite, diatomite, flask) at temperatures not exceeding 900 ° C has been established. It has been shown that the use of glass granules with a mass content of glass phase of more than 80% makes it possible to obtain a glass-ceramic foam material with a density of up to 250 g / cm 3 . Tab. 3, ill. 5, bibliography: 4 titles.
