Creep of ceramics and refractories

The processes accompanying the creep of ceramics and refractories are considered. Structural defects according to their effect on creep can be arranged in a row (in order of decreasing impact): macropores; inclusion of low-melting phases, especially the glass phase; micropores; crystal boundaries, especially those passing through micropores; block boundaries; dislocation; vacancies. The sequence in the series is determined by the intensity of diffusion mass transfer, i.e., by the concentration of vacancies near the listed structural elements (defects). Il. 8, bibliography: 22 titles.