A methodological approach to developing hardware and software solutions for debugging and testing algorithms and control systems for actuators of a glass-forming machine in real time is presented. During model tests, the algorithms’ compliance with the technical specifications and their reliability were assessed. Testing was performed on a test bench built on the basis of an industrial sample. The bench simulates the operation of the object, the parameters are recorded and transferred to the monitoring system for post-processing. During the tests, the component base of various manufacturers available under the sanctions policy was checked. It was confirmed that such a bench is applicable for rapid prototyping of control algorithms, conducting semi-naturalistic testing, and training specialists in the glass industry. Independent control of the process control system will contribute to the engineering of industrial equipment, mastering critical technologies and, ultimately, forming the technological sovereignty.
Using the methodology of system analysis, the paper analyzes the growth prospects of ceramic membranes, market volume and value, as well as the prevailing commercial trends in the industry by the most common segments: application, technology, regions and materials. The industry needs and dynamics of the Foreign and Russian membrane market are analyzed. Sales forecasts for the ceramic membranes industry up to 2029 are presented. The main growth factors of the global ceramic membranes market are given. The feasibility and relevance of the industry development in Russia is substantiated. Examples of companies of the world leaders of the ceramic membranes market are given.
Polishing suspensions and powders presented on the world market for polishing a wide range of optical parts used in the manufacture of laser gyroscopes are considered. Their main technical parameters determining the quality of the resulting polished surfaces of optical parts are given. A list of polishing suspensions and powders most suitable for the manufacture of optical parts of laser gyroscopes is proposed.
Diagnostics of magnetic susceptibility of ferroimpurities (present in the raw components of glass and ceramic products), for the removal of which magnetic separation is widely used, can be carried out using a new magnetic rheological method. Three options for its implementation are described. Results ferroimpurities’ magnetic susceptibility determination, consisting in natural sand and feldspar, are obtained.
An energy- and resource-saving plasma technology for glazing autoclaved building materials has been developed. It has been established that the introduction of colemanite into the initial charge makes it possible to increase such performance indicators as frost resistance, water resistance and microhardness. The features of the formation of the macro- and microstructure of the glaze coating when treating the front surface with a plasma jet were studied.Key words: glazing, plasma jet, autoclave hardening wall materials, water resistance, frost resistance, microhardness.
It is shown that the extracted natural quartz sands, widely used in glass, refractory, ceramic, foundry and other industries, as a rule, do not meet the requirements for granulometric composition set by industry standards. Studies have been conducted and an effective method of processing quartz sands has been proposed in order to improve the granulometric composition using a cross-flow pneumatic separator.
The possibility of using pegmatite dumps in the production of ceramic materials is shown. Microcline pegmatite according to the results of research of dielectric and technological properties in the future can be used in the production of electroceramics. Compositions of ceramic granite tiles on the basis of plagioclase pegmatite, clay, kaolin, quartz with low water absorption 0,43…0,28 % have been developed. On the basis of pegmatite of microcline-plagioclase composition, as well as fine fractional wastes of enrichment of pegmatite, clay, kaolin, finely ground quartz, facing tiles with high bending strength (32 MPa) have been obtained.
Cubic pyrochlore of the composition Bi2Ni1/2Co1/2Ta2O9 ± ? (sp. gr. Fd-3m, a = 10.5261(8) ?) was synthesized for the first time from the corresponding oxides by the solid-phase reaction method. The complex oxide is characterized by a porous microstructure formed by partially fused elongated crystallites with an average longitudinal size of 1…2 ?m. The chemical state of transition element cations in pyrochlore was characterized by photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and NEXAFS.
A characteristic shift of the Ta4f spectrum toward lower energies by 0.8 eV is observed for pyrochlore, due to which the effective charge of tantalum cations is +(5 – ?). The absorption spectrum of pyrochlore in the region of the Co2p absorption edge is a superposition of the spectra of CoO and Co3O4. According to the nature of XPS, NEXAFS Ni2p spectra, nickel ions are in the Ni (II, III) state.
The paper investigates the process of “soft” mechanochemical synthesis of the CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 composite using copper/zinc hydroxocarbonates and aluminum oxide as feedstock. Using the methods of X-ray phase and synchronous thermal analysis, the patterns occurring at the stage of mechanochemical activation and further heat treatment have been studied. The effect of the mill's energy stress on the textural properties of the composite is shown. By the method of low-temperature adsorption-desorption of nitrogen, it was found that in the process of mechanochemical synthesis, the total specific surface of the samples changes slightly, while the nature of processing has a significant effect on such textural characteristics as pore size distribution, active surface and dispersion of copper. Using the thermoprogrammable reduction method, the temperature ranges of activation of the composite for its use as a catalyst were obtained. The positive effect of mechanical activation on the formation of the composite structure, hich makes it possible to use it as the main component of the catalyst for the production of ammonia, hydrogen and methanol, is shown.
The physicochemical characteristics of the commercial bentonite S-4205-02 (Bentovin), as well as its structural parameters, are given. Clay agglomerates were mainly up to 10…20 ?m in size. X-ray spectral analysis showed rather high content of Fe2O3, Na2O, CaO, which corresponded to the ferruginous-aluminum variety of montmorillonite with a predominance of Na+ and Ca2+ ions in the interlayer space. The presence of potassium indicates the illite presence. According to the X-ray phase analysis, the main component of the product was montmorillonite (MM) with impurities of quartz/cristobalite, kaolinite, illite, hematite. Thermal analysis curves and the infrared spectrum of bentonite were analyzed. The specific surface area was 58 ± 6 m2/g (BET). On the basis of this bentonite and orthophosphoric acid (OPA), a geopolymer bentonite phosphate binder has been for the first time synthesized. Using X-ray and IR spectral analysis, it was shown that when reacting aluminosilicate powder with OPA, the MM structure was completely destroyed with the formation of aluminum and silicon phosphates.
