VOL 76, No. 9 (2003)

The growth rates of the production of modern technical materials of various classes are indicated. The main reasons for the predominant development of new, including glass-crystalline, materials are considered. The main attention is paid to the possibilities and features of the use of glass-crystalline materials of various types (heat-resistant high-strength, transparent nanostructured, electrically active, bioactive, construction) in promising areas of modern technology, industry, construction, medicine. The properties of these types of glass-crystalline materials are given. Tab. 1.

A review of the results of investigations of the little-studied phenomenon of motion of the surface flow of glass melt, called overflow, is given. The physical picture of this phenomenon and the possibilities of various techniques, the use of which contributes to its detailed study, are considered. The disadvantages of individual experiments are indicated. Tab. 1, ill. 2, bibliography: 25 titles.

Biocomposite materials with a gradient pore structure based on a silicate feldspar matrix and hydroxyapatite are considered. With regard to implants used in neurosurgery, the intervals of porosity and pore size have been determined taking into account the differences in the course of osteogenesis processes on various surfaces. Unlike osteoconductive calcium-phosphate biocomposite materials with a homogeneous pore structure, the gradient pore structure increases the strength of materials by several times. Tab. 3, ill. 6, bibliography: 6 titles.

Prospects for the use of synergistic and quasi-chemical approaches for various stages of ceramic technology - powder production, billet molding, sintering are considered. Il. 2, bibliography: 19 titles.

The current state of the production of porous ceramic materials, mainly for high-temperature applications in various fields of technology, is considered. A classification of these materials is proposed and the most frequently used methods of increasing the porosity of ceramic materials are described in detail. The relationship between the methods of manufacturing porous ceramics and its structure, properties and application is shown. Tab. 2, bibliography: 10 titles.

The results of the development of strong and extra-strong ceramics made of aluminum oxide and partially stabilized zirconium dioxide, based on the use of highly dispersed powders, methods of hydrostatic and hot pressing, as well as sintering in a gasostat are presented. Ceramic materials based on aluminum oxide with a strength of 300 - 750 MPa, and on the basis of partially stabilized zirconium dioxide - 800 - 2500 MPa were obtained. These materials can be widely used in various fields of technology due to their high strength, wear resistance and hardness. Bibliography: 9 titles.

On examples of samples of various shapes, the influence of the method of forming a ceramic semifinished product on its homogeneity is considered. The dependence of the degree of inhomogeneity of the semifinished product on the geometric characteristics of the sample and the conditions for its formation has been established. Tab. 2, ill. 1, bibliography: 8 titles.

Compositions based on titanate compositions were selected and tested. A technology for their production using high-alumina cement is proposed. An assessment is given of some properties that make it possible to use these compositions as a sacrificial material for trapping the melt of an atomic reactor. Tab. 4, ill. 1, bibliography: 10 titles.

The structure and properties of a highly basic aluminoferrosilicate melt in the presence of individual and complex additives have been investigated. The obtained regularities of changes in viscosity, surface tension and structure of clinker liquid, depending on the nature and concentration of modifiers, can be used to predict the kinetics of liquid-phase sintering of various silicate systems. Tab. 2, ill. 2, bibliography: 10 titles.