VOL 81, No. 11 (2008)

The results of studies of glasses with modified titanium coatings are presented. It has been found that by treating glasses with coatings containing titanium nitride, it is possible to obtain a modified titanium dioxide layer exhibiting photocatalytic activity. It is shown that it is promising to carry out work on the creation of photocatalytically active glasses by thermal modification of reflective coatings with a titanium-containing outer layer in the composition obtained by vacuum technology. Tab. 1, ill. 1, bibliography: 6 titles.

The results of a study of the optical properties of a near-surface layer of glass with a thickness of 50 µm, modified with a new matting paste, are presented. The action of the paste is based on the process of surface ion exchange, leading to the formation of a system of microblocks and microcracks. The size distribution function of inhomogeneous scattering centers and partial depolarization of the initial linearly polarized light are considered. A significant difference in the characteristics of light scattering for the modified glass layer from the analogous characteristics of the glass surface, matted by chemical etching with a fluorine-containing composition, is noted. Il. 10, bibliography: 6 titles.

The processes of glass formation in the potassium-lithium-alumino-silicate system have been investigated. The effect of tin oxide on the crystallization properties of glasses of the K ₂ O - Li ₂ O - Al ₂ O ₃ - SiO ₂. The comparison of crystallization properties of transparent and damped glasses is carried out. The phase composition of the products of their crystallization has been studied. Il. 4, bibliography: 10 titles.

Possible ways of increasing the energy of oxide powders during sintering and ways of their activation are considered. This is achieved in the following cases. The first is an increase in temperature, i.e., the supply of thermal energy. The second is an increase in internal energy during mechanical grinding due to the energy of the surface and its defects. The third is an increase in the internal energy in chemical production methods under substantially nonequilibrium conditions due to the surface energy and surface and volume defects. Fourth, an increase in the internal energy upon the introduction of additives due to the energy of lattice deformation upon the introduction of foreign ions in general, since there are no two ions of the same size, and the energy of lattice defects upon the introduction of heterovalent ions. Bibliography: 22 titles.

The results obtained when studying the behavior of samples based on a component containing natural magnesium silicates and clays of various chemical and mineralogical compositions indicate the active participation of dunite by-products of the mining and processing industry in the formation of the properties of decorative and finishing construction ceramics during firing. Tab. 1, ill. 1, bibliography: 1 titles.

A fundamentally new installation for producing mineral fibers from refractory silicate materials using highly concentrated heat fluxes is considered. The operating modes and thermophysical parameters of the plasma-chemical reactor have been determined. A comparison is made of the performance characteristics of the fiber obtained at the facility and by the traditional technology. Tab. 3, ill. 2, bibliography: 2 titles.

The results of the synthesis of low-melting muffled glazes for household ceramics based on the R ₂ O - RO - B ₂ O ₃ - Al _{2 O 3 - Fe 2 O 3 - ZnO - SiO 2 firmness. The interrelation of physical and chemical properties with the phase composition and structure of the coatings is investigated at different contents of the introduced flotation waste. Tab. 1, ill. 2, bibliography: 3 titles.}

Considered are the issues of using leucoxene concentrate - waste of the Yarega petrochemical field - as a carbide-forming additive in the production of ceramic foam materials. Comparative physical-mechanical, thermophysical and electrical characteristics of the obtained ceramic foam materials are presented and new carbide-forming formulations are proposed. Tab. 2.

Sol-gel method from film-forming solutions based on tetraethoxysilane and phosphoric acid, ethyl alcohol, water, thin films and dispersed products were obtained in the SiO ₂ - P ₂ O _{5 system} at a molar content of phosphorus oxide from 0 to 30%. Regularities of changes in rheological properties in successive states of the solution - sol - gel system have been established. Physicochemical processes in solution, when applied to a substrate and during heat treatment of products have been investigated. Using the methods of IR spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy, the structure of the obtained films and dispersed products, as well as their physicochemical properties, have been studied. Tab. 4, ill. 4, bibliography: 7 titles.

The influence of the chemical composition of titanium enamels on the type of forming phosphate groups and the whiteness of enamel coatings is considered. It was found that in glasses with an increased mass content of network-forming cations, in particular about 60% SiO ₂, the forming phosphorus-containing group binds up to two alkaline cations, and at a content of 50% SiO ₂ the predominant formation of phosphate groups with one alkaline cation is observed. Tab. 3, ill. 3, bibliography: 7 titles.