VOL 90, No. 7 (2017)

The formation by a femtosecond laser beam of microregions in alkali-silicate glasses with different concentrations of Na ₂ O, which exhibit birefringence associated with the formation of nanolattices, is demonstrated. The dependences of the phase shift of the formed regions on the number and energy of laser pulses have been established. An increase in the Na ₂ O concentration leads to an increase in the minimum number of pulses required for the occurrence of birefringence, but at the same time, when exposed to 107 pulses for glasses of all compositions, the phase shift reaches approximately the same maximum value, which indicates the leading role of diffusion of alkaline ions in the formation of nanolattices in such glasses

The results of studying the process of obtaining porous aluminum oxide, which is a typical self-organizing material, by anodic oxidation of aluminum in acidic solutions are presented. The functional dependences of the influence of the formation conditions on the parameters of the structure of porous anodic aluminum oxide, including the diameters of the pores and oxide cells, have been studied.

The results of research on the development of porous zeolite ceramics based on natural raw materials from the Amur region for catalyst carriers and filters are presented. The structural and mechanical properties of the obtained material have been studied. It is shown that the use of kaolin as a sintering additive during firing contributes to the strengthening of the resulting blanks.

The possibility of obtaining a black pigment based on nickel chromite (NiCr ₂ O ₄) is considered. The morphological, granulometric, X-ray structural and optical characteristics of the synthesized crystalline powders of chromium-nickel spinel have been investigated. During spontaneous crystallization at a temperature of 950 ° C, nickel chromite crystallizes in the structural type of spinel Fd3m with a crystal size from 1.29 to 84 ?m (mainly in the form of an octahedron). The diffuse reflectance spectra showed a high degree of blackness NiCr ₂ O ₄: diffuse reflectance from 2.65 to 4.81 & # 37; in the range 320 - 1080 nm. Obtained glazes of black color based on nickel chromite; optimal mass content of pigment 6 - 8 & # 37;

The effect of the introduction of different types of ceramic pigments into the slip on the change in its properties has been studied. Pigments have an emaciating effect on the slip and increase the rate at which the wall of the semi-finished product is set. Aqueous suspensions of ceramic pigments can be neutral, slightly acidic or slightly alkaline and change the rheological properties of the slips they paint: red and blue pigments reduce the thickening coefficient and viscosity, while brown and pink pigments increase

The features of the macrostructure of rigid heat-insulating materials based on fibers of mullite-corundum composition are considered, the change in the physical and mechanical properties of materials over the volume of the sample is shown. The reasons for the appearance of defects are analyzed and the ways to increase the isotropy of the properties of the fibrous material are outlined.

In the framework of the one-dimensional problem of the evaporation of an absorbing layer of matter at & # 171; instantaneous & # 187; For the release of laser pulse energy, analytical relations are obtained for calculating the energy density required to pierce through holes in non-metallic plates, for three variants of laser radiation exposure, and also for calculating the evaporated mass of a substance per unit of input energy. A comparative analysis of the options for the effect of laser radiation on a plate is carried out, showing the possibility of reducing energy costs when piercing through holes in glassy and ceramic plates.

The chemical resistance, changes in the composition and structure of materials based on fused minerals and sodium water glass have been studied when interacting with corrosive liquids. It was determined by the methods of IR spectroscopy and chemical analysis that upon exposure to acids, the degree of polymerization of silicate compositions increases in proportion to a decrease in the content of modifier cations. The action of an alkaline solution leads to a shift of the stretching vibration bands of Si - O - Si bonds to the low-frequency region due to a decrease in the content of SiO ₂. All tested materials are resistant to water and 3 & # 37; -th CH ₃ COOH. In solutions of 20 & # 37; -th H ₂ SO ₄ and 35 & # 37; -th NaOH materials based on fused pyroxenes have maximum stability

The effect of various electrolytes (soda ash, water glass, sodium tripolyphosphate) and their combinations, as well as thinning additives (Terrablend, Complex M, Fluimis FL70, Fluicer PD96 / F, Hydrocer LC) on the rheological properties and stability of the ceramic slip used to obtain heat-resistant lithium aluminum silicate ceramics. It was found that the maximum liquefaction of the ceramic suspension is achieved with the introduction of the Complex M electrolyte, which is due to the simultaneous creation of two stability factors - electrokinetic and adsorption-solvate.

Oleg Vsevolodovich Mazurin, an outstanding Russian scientist known all over the world for his research on the physical and chemical properties of glasses, Honored Scientist, Professor, Doctor of Technical Sciences, celebrated his 90th birthday on July 21, 2017.