Experiments on the local modification of lithium borohermanate (LiBG) glass with the composition (molar fraction,%) 25Li 2 O · middot; 25B 2 O 3 & middot; 50GeO 2 by a copper vapor laser beam on the main lasing lines in the visible range (510.6 and 578.2 nm) and at the sum frequency in the UV range (271 nm). For the first time, the local surface crystallization of LiBG glass by a laser beam with the separation of crystals 2 - 15 ?m in size by local laser heating of a sample at a temperature slightly below t g has been demonstrated. Using X-ray phase analysis and confocal Raman spectroscopy, it was shown that crystallization results in the formation of a single polar phase LiBGeO 4 . Crystallization was achieved using both UV and visible radiation.
We studied mixtures in the Na 2 SO 4 + C + SiO 2 system after heat treatment at different temperatures. A characteristic feature of the interaction at 900 ° C is the flotation of quartz grains with the formation of a dense surface silica-containing layer. Layering of the mixture with flotation of lack of penetration is typical for industrial technology with a lack of a reducing agent. A clear dependence of the reactivity of sulfates and coals on their dispersion was observed. The most favorable combination is coarse sulfate and fine carbon.
Diffusion phenomena in the implementation of a number of technological processes of glass production, mainly high-temperature ones, are considered. The features of diffusion phenomena in glass melts are shown.
The effect of particle size on the dissolution time of silica in a silicate melt is considered. The analysis of the granulometric composition of enriched glass sands was carried out using the approximating Plitt function. Rational granulometric compositions of quartz sand for high-performance glass-making are presented.
The possibility of using the method of electron paramagnetic resonance in the study of the fine structure of glasses and glass-crystalline materials, as well as for the detection and identification of defects in glasses, which will increase the homogeneity of the glass and increase its operational characteristics, has been shown. The spectra of paramagnetic ions are discussed (Cu 2+ ; V 4+ ; Ti 3+ ; Mo 5+ ; Mn 2+ ; Fe 3+ ). Specific examples of the detection of these ions in sitalls, in which they are introduced as surface-active additives or are present as impurities that have entered the crystallized glass through raw materials, are considered.
A new scientific hypothesis on the structure of glass is presented, according to which glass is heterogeneous in its structure over the thickness of the sheet and consists of dense formations of silicon oxides located in an amorphous, less dense medium of alkali oxides, and the destruction of glass occurs through the contact of dense formations with an amorphous medium. This hypothesis allowed the development of a new theory of glass strength. The proposed scientific hypothesis has passed international expertise and is registered in the state register.
Data on the structure of bismuth borate glasses containing oxides of elements of the second group are presented. It was found that in all bismuth borate glasses, boron ions are present in two coordination states, forming complexes from the [BO 3 ] and [BO 4 ] groups. Bi 2 O 3 at a mass content in glasses of 20 - 40% does not actively influence the structural state of boron ions. The main bismuth-oxygen structural groups are [BiO 6 ].
The possibility of using the investment ring in the charge for green glass containers has been confirmed. It was found that it is most rational to introduce a flask instead of feldspar concentrate, while its share in the charge reaches 40%. Caustification of glass mixtures with flask improves their physical and mechanical characteristics and significantly increases their chemical activity. On the basis of the investment ring (diatomite, perlite), affordable energy-efficient technologies can be developed.
Computer simulation of the structure of calcium-aluminoborosilicate glass with phosphorus additions showed that its atoms can be located in oxygen polyhedra with different symmetry. Based on calculations of bond lengths and bond angles in phosphate glass-forming polyhedra, a conclusion was made about the most probable structural position of phosphorus in tetrahedra with a P = O bond.
A new sizing-polymethylene-p-triphenyl ester of boric acid is proposed, which provides an increase in thermal and chemical resistance, as well as strength characteristics of glass fibers used in the production of fiberglass for various purposes.
