The combined use of waste from the production of mineral wool (MB) and spent catalyst (MC) of catalytic cracking of petroleum products in the production of ceramics has been investigated. It was found that, in comparison with the control composition, MB during firing at a temperature of 1080 ° C acts as a fluxing additive, increasing the density of samples by 3.3 °, compressive strength by 19.2 ° C, shrinkage deformation by 16.1 & # 37;, reducing water absorption by 3 times. The combined use of MV and MK in the composition (with an increase in MK from 10 to 20 & # 37;) promotes the intensification of crystallization of the minerals anorthite and mullite, which provides a decrease in shrinkage deformation up to 1.85 times, without deteriorating the mechanical properties in comparison with the control composition without additives
Mechanical activation of zinc oxide with the addition of a surfactant (triethanolamine) in two types of mills - roller-ring vibration and planetary-centrifugal mills is considered. The dependences of the values ??of the specific surface area on the activation time and the content of the surfactant are obtained, the effect of mechanochemical activation on the distribution of pores along the radius, dispersion of zinc oxide, and surface morphology is shown. It is shown that the physicochemical properties of activated zinc oxide make it possible to use it to obtain technical ceramics in the form of supports for catalysts and adsorbents used in gas desulfurization.
The influence of temperature and concentration of NaOH solutions on the processes of chemical dissolution of lead-silicate glasses used as base glasses in the manufacture of microchannel plates has been investigated. It is shown that for the studied solutions upon destruction of glasses С87-2 and С78-4, a linear dependence on the exposure time, concentration and temperature of the solution is observed. It is noted that for S87-2 glass the shape of the mass removal curve depends on temperature
The physicochemical processes occurring in the structure of alkaline glass and at the silicon - glass interface during the anodic connection of glass and silicon plates are considered. The connection of these materials is currently widely used in industry to create sensitive elements of micromechanical sensors, such as pressure, acceleration
, etc. features of the parts to be joined (for example, the thickness of glass plates)
Within the framework of the one-dimensional problem of the evaporation of an absorbing layer of matter at For the release of laser pulse energy, analytical relationships are obtained for calculating the energy density required to pierce through holes in optically thick non-metallic plates for several variants of exposure to laser radiation. Analytical relations are derived for calculating the evaporated mass of a substance per unit of input energy. A comparative analysis of the options for the effect of laser radiation on a plate is carried out, showing the possibility of reducing energy costs when piercing through holes in optically thick glass and ceramic plates.
Spheroplastics based on hollow ceramic microspheres and an organosilicon binder with a ladder structure capable of transition to a ceramic-like state at elevated temperatures are considered. The physical and mechanical properties of spheroplastics have been studied. The dielectric characteristics of the spheroplasty in the centimeter section of the microwave & ndash; radio range were determined by the waveguide method
The kinetics of sintering of periclase with a brucitaluminophosphate bond has been studied. To determine the kinetic parameters, a model was used that takes into account the role of physical compaction and chemical bonding in the presence of a binder during heating. The strength of the conglomerate was ensured both by the sintering itself and by the action of the binder. Determined the effective activation energy of periclase sintering: Ea = 287 & plusm; 9 kJ / mol, which is close to the activation energy of oxygen diffusion in MgO. At high temperatures, spinel MgAl 2 O 4 forms in the material, which slows down sintering
The results of studies on obtaining refractory light weights using chamotte as a filler, obtained by melting a mixture of kaolinite clay and alumina-containing production wastes under the influence of a concentrated radiant flux, are presented. The phase composition, microstructure, and physical and technical characteristics of the sintered samples have been determined. It was found that the optimal set of properties (apparent density 1.14 - 1.3 g / cm 3 , compressive strength 8.6 - 17.1 MPa) are possessed by specimens based on fused chamotte with a mass content 10 & ndash; 20 & # 37; alumina-containing additive, due to the favorable combination of phase composition and microstructure
The use of nanotechnogenic aluminum-containing raw materials and pyrophyllite in the compositions of ceramic masses for the production of acid-resistant materials helps to reduce the shrinkage anisotropy during drying and firing and water permeability, but samples of the composition containing nanotechnogenic aluminum-containing raw materials have the best indicators of water permeability. The introduction of pyrophyllite into the compositions of ceramic masses for the production of acid-resistant materials contributes to the formation of a significant accumulation of well-developed acicular-shaped mullite crystals, and the introduction of nanotechnogenic raw materials promotes the formation of whiskers of mullite
The object of the study was kaolin mineral raw materials from the Svetlinsky district of the Orenburg region. The characteristics of the clay were obtained by using the methods of particle size distribution, colorimetric, chemical and X-ray fluorescence, X-ray phase and sorption analyzes, and EPR spectroscopy. Analysis of the results of the study of the main characteristics of kaolin clay allows us to conclude that it can be used for the manufacture of electric porcelain.
