The mineralizing effect of sodium fluoride, boric acid, and a natural fluorine-containing mineral (topaz concentrate) on the synthesis of ceramic pigments from talc with the structures of magnesium metasilicate, forsterite and diopside was investigated. It was found that the most active mineralizer is NaF. The positive effect of NaF not only on the synthesis of crystal structures, but also on the color of pigments was noted. The developed compositions of pigments can be widely used for coloring ceramic masses, in the production of building materials, for obtaining paints, coloring glazes and glasses. Tab. 2, ill. 3, bibliography: 3 titles.
Colorimetric identification of porcelain items by the type of material is reduced to finding the classification functions obtained on the training sample and linking the color coordinates with the type of porcelain by material. These functions should be considered as a statistical model for determining the belonging of new porcelain samples to one of the types of porcelain by material. Tab. 3, ill. 2, bibliography: 5 titles.
The possibility of using non-traditional raw materials for the production of heat-resistant cordierite-containing ceramics is shown. On the basis of refractory and low-melting Belarusian clays, cordierite-containing products with operating temperatures up to 1300 and 1100 ° C, respectively, were obtained. Tab. 1, ill. 2, bibliography: 5 titles.
The possibility of obtaining clinker ceramics based on raw materials from various deposits has been established. The developed rational compositions of the masses are adapted to the traditional technology of making bricks by the method of plastic molding and, after firing, make it possible to obtain high-quality clinker products. Based on the experimental data, a model has been built that reflects the necessary ratios of the main oxides in the chemical composition of ceramics, which ensure the formation of clinker bricks with specified properties at different firing temperatures. Tab. 1, ill. 4, bibliography: 9 titles.
On the basis of experimental data and calculations, it has been established that frost-resistant ceramics can be obtained from a mixture of fusible illite-containing clays without using other, more expensive refractory clays. The molding masses were compiled on the basis of mathematical planning of the "composition - property" experiment. With the optimal content of the molding mass, a sintered ceramic material was obtained that has frost resistance during bulk freezing - more than 250 cycles, with one-side freezing - from 75 to 125 cycles.
Tab. 3, ill. 5, bibliography: 4 titles.
It is shown that it is possible to obtain ceramic tiles with satisfactory characteristics from low-quality polymineral clays by the method of semi-dry pressing. To do this, it is necessary to use the following methods to improve the quality of clay raw materials: processing of raw materials in an electric mass classifier, mixing clays with activated water, introducing technological additives into the raw materials (mechanically activated quartz-glauconite sands, refractory clay). The use of calcareous clays and zeolite-containing siliceous rocks makes it possible to expand the raw material base of tile production. Tab. 2, bibliography: 2 titles.
To expand the color gamut of the front surface of the brick, the engobing method was used. To control the color, a light-colored engobe composition was developed using red-burning clays, followed by coloring with the addition of various pigments. The rheological properties of engobe slip have been studied and the amount of electrolytes has been optimized. Il. 1, bibliography: 3 titles.
The compositions of the masses have been synthesized and the conditions for their firing for the production of ceramic tips have been determined. The resulting structure of ceramics makes it possible to increase by 8 - 10 times the service life of the tips used in the device for monitoring the anti-corrosion protection of the Poisk-1 trunk pipelines. Tab. 1, ill. 2, bibliography: 4 titles.
The synthesis of cobaltite-gallates of the binary system LaCoO 3 - LaGaO 3 has been carried out. X-ray phase analysis showed that a continuous series of solid solutions of the composition LaCo 1- x Ga x O 3 is formed in the studied system. Found that solid solutions with 0 & # 8804; x & # 8804; 0.7 and 0.7 1- x Ga x O 3 solid solutions, caused by stretching vibrations, on the degree of substitution of Co < sup> 3+ in LaCoO 3 with Ga 3+ ions made it possible to establish that the morphotropic boundary separating the regions of LaCo 1- x Ga x O 3 with a rhombohedral and rhombohedral perovskite structure, passes near the composition of the solid solution with an x ??value slightly less than 0.7. Tab. 2, ill. 2, bibliography: 10 titles.
Mineralogical and chemical analysis of kaolin-feldspar raw materials of the Chalganovskoye deposit was carried out. Experimental samples of electrical porcelain were obtained, their electrical and mechanical properties were investigated. Tab. 2, ill. 2, bibliography: 5 titles.
