The features of the formation of the structure and phase composition of densely sintered ceramics, obtained on the basis of low-melting clay raw materials of Belarus, complex flux and emaciated additives, have been studied. The interrelation of physical and chemical properties, structure, phase composition and temperature-time regimes of firing of the developed materials has been investigated. Electron probe microanalysis made it possible to trace the nature of the change in the chemical composition in various local areas of the material and to compare it with the calculated composition of the masses. The optimal modes of heat treatment of products have been established. Tab. 1, ill. 3, bibliography: 3 titles.
The results of the synthesis of ceramic pigments using the method of co-precipitation of hydroxides and poorly soluble salts of multivalent metal ions are presented. The features of the co-precipitation process and the influence of various factors on the production of initial precipitates for the subsequent synthesis of ceramic pigments have been studied. The technology of obtaining pigments is considered. Tab. 1, ill. 4, bibliography: 14 titles.
The filtering characteristics (air permeability, efficiency) of porous permeable ceramic materials with different microstructure have been determined. Requirements for a ceramic filtering element have been formulated, technical documentation has been prepared for a modular-type apparatus with ceramic filtering elements. The use of such elements for cleaning hot gases from dust, in addition to the ecological effect, gives an economic effect, expressed in the production of additional energy due to the utilization of waste gas heat. Tab. 2, ill. 5, bibliography: 9 titles.
A method for the calculation of the duration of isothermal sintering of a powder body, its final porosity and shrinkage is considered. The technique, based on a spatial model in the form of a cubic packing of spherical particles, uses the equations of the physics of sintering, the physicochemical properties of the substance, and the particle size. It allows one to describe not only the initial (baking of particles) and final (compression of isolated pores), but also the intermediate stages of compaction according to a single mechanism of mass transfer. The sintering indices of samples made of tare glass powder were calculated by the viscous flow mechanism. The discrepancy between the calculation results and experimental data in absolute value is 2.0% for porosity and 1.5% for shrinkage. Tab. 1, ill. 5, bibliography: 9 titles.
The possibility of using hollow ceramic microspheres and an organosilicon binder with silane and carbosilane bonds to obtain heat-resistant heat-insulating ceramic foam materials for structural purposes is considered. The influence of the filler and the gas medium on the products of thermal destruction and the properties of the composition is shown. Thermophysical and physical-mechanical characteristics of the heat-insulating material are given. Tab. 3, ill. 2, bibliography: 4 titles.
Synergetics - an interdisciplinary study of the processes of self-organization in open systems during their exchange of matter (energy, substance, information) with the environment - allows us to consider the course of technological operations from the most general positions. Ceramic technology can be divided into two main stages: during the production of a semi-finished product, the system predominantly accumulates energy in the form of the free surface of particles and defects in their volume; during sintering, it mainly spends this energy on strengthening and densifying the product. Bibliography: 17 titles.
It has been established that the casting properties of majolica slip depend on water hardness, electrolyte concentration and the nature of the clay component of the ceramic mass. An increase in water hardness leads to an inevitable increase in the electrolyte content and the moisture content of the slip. Stabilization of the casting properties of the slip is possible provided that water of constant hardness is used and additional controlled parameters are introduced. Tab. 2, ill. 5, bibliography: 3 titles.
It has been established that the addition of marl to the clays of Tatarstan deposits can significantly expand the color gamut of ceramic products, and increase their physical and mechanical characteristics. The research methodology is described in detail. Tab. 4, ill. 2, bibliography: 7 titles.
Methods of designing articles of complex configuration using hydrostatic pressing are considered. Thanks to the creation of sliding stops and the development of the design of hydraulic vibrators, good filling of the wings and flanges of the pressed products with press powder is ensured. The possibility of designing such products by quasi-isostatic (volumetric) pressing is shown. Il. 2, bibliography: 5 titles.
It is shown that during the firing of clay masses under conditions of reduced pressure, ferruginous compounds intensively transform into active forms due to the reducing nature of the gaseous medium. In this case, the mechanism of modification transformations and sintering changes, which contributes to the improvement of the physical and mechanical properties of the products obtained. Tab. 4, ill. 1, bibliography: 7 titles.
