The problems of enamel frits are considered. The compositions of enamels with the use of various mufflers have been worked out. The effect of the muffler on the properties and opacity of the enamel is shown. The reasons for killing the material have been identified. Bibliography: 6 titles.
Developed "universal" frit-free coatings for heat treatment of high-strength steels of the VKS type. The kinetics of oxidation of VKS steel with and without coating has been investigated. The efficiency of application of a frit-free coating on semi-finished products made of steels of the VKS type is shown. Il. 1, bibliography: 2 titles.
The interest of the market in high-quality enamel frits suitable for artistic painting on metal is shown. Provides a little background on the history of enameling. A deeper study of the composition of enamels is needed in order to restore the techniques of artistic enameling. The requirements for such materials are formulated, the procedure for their laboratory synthesis is described, and their composition is indicated. Bibliography: 5 titles.
The possibility of obtaining heat-resistant coatings on chamotte refractories by the method of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis in the MgO - SiO 2 - Al system with the use of liquid sodium glass as a binder with the addition of sodium tripolyphosphate and an additive activating the SHS process, titanium dioxide, has been investigated. The optimal composition has been determined, the physical and mechanical properties, macro- and microstructure of the coatings have been investigated. Il. 4, bibliography: 17 titles.
The dependence of the rate of steel oxidation under the enamel film at enamel firing temperatures is considered. The size of the critical gas bubble breaking through the enamel film during firing has been calculated and experimentally determined. Il. 2, bibliography: 6 titles.
The effect of the composition of enamel frits containing a complex adhesion activator on the electrical resistivity and adhesion of frit powders to low-carbon steel and the adhesion strength of coatings to metal has been studied. The possibility of synthesis of low-melting competitive primerless enamels for the technology of powder electrostatic coating PUESTA with a complex adhesion activator containing a minimum amount of expensive adhesion oxides NiO and CoO with a firing temperature of 780 - 800 ° C has been established. The composition of a soilless frit for the PUESTA technology has been developed and introduced into the production of household appliances. Tab. 4, bibliography: 3 titles.
Several methods of preparing the aluminum surface before single-layer enameling are considered. A method has been developed for preparing an aluminum surface by alkaline chromate oxidation in a solution based on K 2 Cr 2 O 4 without annealing, but with preliminary degreasing with the formation of complexes type [Al (OH) 4 (H 2 O) 2 ] - , [Al (OH) < sub> 6 ] -3 , [Al (OH) 5 (H 2 O)] -2 < / sup>. The influence of preparation methods on the quality of the enamel coating has been studied. The mechanism of formation of nanodispersed layers of solid solutions, which promote stable adhesion of coatings to aluminum, is considered. Tab. 2, ill. 4, bibliography: 7 titles.
The expediency of using zirconium-free frits in the production of semi-fritted wear-resistant glass-crystalline coatings has been established, which provides a reduction in the total fuel and energy costs for the production of floor tiles by reducing the synthesis temperature of the frit by 80-100 ° C and reducing its amount to 20-22.5% in the raw material compositions. Tab. 3, ill. 3, bibliography: 6 titles.
As a result of the studies carried out, it was found that oxides of alkaline earth metals have a different effect on the properties of boronless enamels, in particular, magnesium oxide increases the whiteness of coatings, strontium oxide improves their gloss only when it is introduced up to 1%, and calcium oxide in the studied quantities negatively affects both whiteness and gloss of coatings. It should be noted that the influence of the investigated alkaline earth oxides on the properties of boron-free enamels is similar to their effect on the properties of boron-containing enamels. Tab. 1, ill. 8, bibliography. : 6 names
It is shown that the introduction of ferroelectric additives into glass enamel coatings is promising in order to improve their dielectric characteristics. The limits of the added additive for low alkaline borosilicate enamel are determined. A comparative table of the properties of the original and composite enamels is given. The dielectric properties of the new material have been determined and the absence of dissolution of the additive in the glass enamel has been established. Tab. 1, ill. 5, bibliography: 7 titles.
